If you’re considering a career as a computer scientist its important you know what an algorithm is and how you can use them. After all, as a computer science student you’ll encounter algorithms throughout your course and subsequent career. Below, we explore what an algorithm is, how they work, and some of the most commonly used algorithms you’ll encounter throughout the profession.
Written by Grant Longstaff. Published 4 December 2024.
What is an algorithm in computer science?
We use computer algorithms every single day. An algorithm is a set of step by step instructions which can be used to solve a problem or perform a task. As humans, we use unconsciously algorithms on a daily basis, as even the simplest daily routines can be reduced down into a step by step process.
Algorithms in computer science are no different. Used in almost every aspect of computer science, from data sorting and processing to automated reasoning and calculation, algorithms are fundamental to the discipline.
How do algorithms work?
Algorithms rely on input and output; they analyse the information or data provided and generate the correct response by following the set of instructions which have been set. Think of a search engine for example. We type in our query and the best results are generated by an algorithm competing a process, step by step.
The step by step process of an algorithm is designed using programming constructs, which will be either conditional, linear or a loop. Algorithms with a conditional construct decide between two courses of action, whereas a linear construct means an algorithm completes the steps one after the other. Finally, a loop construct is a sequence of commands repeated a number of times.
What algorithms are used in computer science?
Algorithms can be designed in a number of different ways, often determined by the intended result or outcome required of the algorithm. Some of the most common types you’ll find are written using programming languages, pseudo-code, flow charts and written languages. Each approach has a different purpose, and you’ll find a great deal of nuance and variety within each.
Examples of algorithms used in computer science
Some of the most commonly used algorithms in computer science can be identified and grouped based on their purpose.
Sorting algorithms
Sorting algorithms are used to arrange data in a specific order such as ascending or descending. Commonly found algorithms include bubble sort, merge sort and quick sort.
Search algorithms
Search algorithms are used to find an element or value in a data structure. Commonly used algorithms include binary search, jump search and linear search.
Graph algorithms
Another commonly found type of algorithm is a graph algorithm. These algorithms are used to analyse data in a graph structure. Algorithms in this area are shortest path algorithms, such as Dijkstra's Algorithm (which is used to find the shortest path between two nodes on a graph) and network flow algorithms.
Why is understanding algorithms crucial for students?
We asked Dr Paul Sant, our Head of Computer Science, why understanding algorithms is crucial for computer science students and he said, “algorithms help us solve many real world problems, from financial trading on stock markets and recommending items to buy when shopping online, through to providing the directions on our satellite navigation systems (satnav). We simply would not be able to perform many important tasks in our daily lives without them in our increasingly digitised world.”
Algorithms can help you develop superior critical thinking and problem solving skills, someone has to first create these powerful algorithms after all. By developing your algorithmic thinking you’ll be better positioned to tackle whatever problem you encounter and have the skills to create the perfect solution.
If you’re considering a career change into computer science our MSc in Computer Science conversion course will give you the expert skills and knowledge needed for a career in the field.
